Civil Service Examination Botany Preliminary Syllabus
1. Cell Biology: Structure and function of cell wall (extracellular matrix or ECM), cell membrane and cell organelles. Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore complex (NPC), chromosome and nucleosome Mitosis, meiosis, molecular control involving check-points in cell division cycle. Differentiation cellular senescence.
2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology: Laws of inheritance, Concept of gene and allelomorph.Linkage crossing over gene mapping. Structural and numerical changes in chromosomes and gene mutations.Sex determination and differentiation. Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. Genetic code. Regulation of gene expression. Genetic engineering and crop improvement. Protoplast, cell, tissue and organ cultures. Somatic hybridization.Biofertilizers and biopesticides. Biotechnology in agri-horticulture, medicine and industry.
3. Tissue Systems: Origin, development, structure and function of primary and secondary tissue
4. Plant Diversity and Systematic: Structure and function of plant forms evolutionary aspects (viruses to Angiosperms including fossils). Principles of nomenclature, classification and identification of plants, Modern approaches in plant taxonomy. Recent classification of living organism into three groups (bacteria, archaea and eukarya)
5. Plant Physiology: water relations.Meneral nutrition. Photosynthesis. Respiration. Nitrogen metabolism .Enzymes and coenzymes. Dynamics of growth, growth movements, and growth substances photo morphogenesis. Secondary metabolities.Isotopes in biological studies, Physiology of flowering.
6. Methods of Reproductions and seed Biology: Vegetative, asexual and sexual methods of reproduction. Pollinations and fertilization. Sexual incompatibility. Development, structure, dormancy and germination of seed.
7 Plant Pathology: Diseases of rice, wheat, sugarcane, potato, mustard, groundnut and cotton crops. Factors affecting infection (host factors, pathogen factors, and biotic factors like rhizosphere and philosopher organisms). Chemical, biological and genertic methods of disease control (including transgenic plants)
8 Plant and Environment: Biotic and biotic components. Ecological adaptions.Types of vegetation zones and forests of India. Deforestation, afforestation, social forestry and plant introduction. Soil erosion, wasteland and reclamation. Environmental pollution and its control (including phytoremediation).Bioindicators.Global warming
9 Biodiversity, Plant Genetic Resources: Methods of conservation of plant genetic resource and its importance. Convention of biological Diversity (CBD).Endangered, threatened and endemic taxa., Role of cell/tissue culture in propagation and enrichment of genetic diversity. Plants as sources of food , fodder, forage, fibers, oils, drugs, wood and timber , paper, rubber, beverages, spices, essential oils and resins, gums, dyes, insecticides, pesticides and ornamentation. Biomass as source of energy.
10. Origin of Life and Evolution: Basic concepts of origin of earth of life. Theories of organic evolution, molecular basis of evolution.
1. Cell Biology: Structure and function of cell wall (extracellular matrix or ECM), cell membrane and cell organelles. Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore complex (NPC), chromosome and nucleosome Mitosis, meiosis, molecular control involving check-points in cell division cycle. Differentiation cellular senescence.
2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology: Laws of inheritance, Concept of gene and allelomorph.Linkage crossing over gene mapping. Structural and numerical changes in chromosomes and gene mutations.Sex determination and differentiation. Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. Genetic code. Regulation of gene expression. Genetic engineering and crop improvement. Protoplast, cell, tissue and organ cultures. Somatic hybridization.Biofertilizers and biopesticides. Biotechnology in agri-horticulture, medicine and industry.
3. Tissue Systems: Origin, development, structure and function of primary and secondary tissue
4. Plant Diversity and Systematic: Structure and function of plant forms evolutionary aspects (viruses to Angiosperms including fossils). Principles of nomenclature, classification and identification of plants, Modern approaches in plant taxonomy. Recent classification of living organism into three groups (bacteria, archaea and eukarya)
5. Plant Physiology: water relations.Meneral nutrition. Photosynthesis. Respiration. Nitrogen metabolism .Enzymes and coenzymes. Dynamics of growth, growth movements, and growth substances photo morphogenesis. Secondary metabolities.Isotopes in biological studies, Physiology of flowering.
6. Methods of Reproductions and seed Biology: Vegetative, asexual and sexual methods of reproduction. Pollinations and fertilization. Sexual incompatibility. Development, structure, dormancy and germination of seed.
7 Plant Pathology: Diseases of rice, wheat, sugarcane, potato, mustard, groundnut and cotton crops. Factors affecting infection (host factors, pathogen factors, and biotic factors like rhizosphere and philosopher organisms). Chemical, biological and genertic methods of disease control (including transgenic plants)
8 Plant and Environment: Biotic and biotic components. Ecological adaptions.Types of vegetation zones and forests of India. Deforestation, afforestation, social forestry and plant introduction. Soil erosion, wasteland and reclamation. Environmental pollution and its control (including phytoremediation).Bioindicators.Global warming
9 Biodiversity, Plant Genetic Resources: Methods of conservation of plant genetic resource and its importance. Convention of biological Diversity (CBD).Endangered, threatened and endemic taxa., Role of cell/tissue culture in propagation and enrichment of genetic diversity. Plants as sources of food , fodder, forage, fibers, oils, drugs, wood and timber , paper, rubber, beverages, spices, essential oils and resins, gums, dyes, insecticides, pesticides and ornamentation. Biomass as source of energy.
10. Origin of Life and Evolution: Basic concepts of origin of earth of life. Theories of organic evolution, molecular basis of evolution.
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