Main Exam animal husbandry Paper Two Syllabus
1. HRALTH AD HYGIENE
1.1 Histology and Histological Techniques: Stains-Chemical classification of stains used in biological work-principle of staining tissues-mordants-progressive & regressive stains-differential staining of cytoplasm and connective tissue elements-Methods of preparation and processing of tissues-celloidin embedding-Freezing microtomy-Microscopy-Bright field microscope and electron microscope. Cytology-structure of cell, organelles & inclusions; cell division-cell types-Tisdsues and their classification-embryonic and adult tissues-Comparative histology of organs:-vascular, Nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculo-skeletal and urogenital systems Endocrine glands-Integuments-sense organs.
1.2 Embryology: Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic mammals –gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers membranes & placentation-types of placenta in domestic mammals-Teratology twins &twining organogenesis-germ layer derivatives endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives
1.3 Bovine Anatomy-Regional Anatomy:Paranasal sinuses of OX-surface anatomy of salivary glands. Regional anatomy of infra-orbital, maxillary, mandibuloalveolary, mental & coronal nerve block-Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves,pudental nerve, median, ulnar & radial nerves-tibial ,fibular and digital nerves-Cranial nerves- structures involved in epidural anesthesia-superficial lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities-comparative feature of locomotor apparatus & their application in the biomechanics of mammalian body.
1.4 Anatomy of Fowl: Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to respiration and flying, digestion and egg production.
1.5 Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion, Endocrine glands in health and disease
1.5.1 Blood constituents: Properties and functions-blood cell formation – Haemoglobin synthesis and chemistry-plasma proteins production, classification and properties; coagulation of blood; Haemorrhagic disorders-anticoagulants-blood groups-Blood volume-plasma expanders-Buffer systems in blood. Biochemical tests ad the significance in disease diagnosis
1.5.2 Circulation :Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle-heart sounds, heart beat electrocardiograms, Work and efficiency of heart-effect of ions on heart function metabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of heart, effect temperature and stress on heart, blood pressure and hypertension, Osmotic regulation arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation of circulation , shock coronary & pulmonary circulation-Blood –Brain barrier-Cerebrospinal fluid-circulation in brids.
1.5.3 Respiration: Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases-neural control of respiration-chemoreceptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.
1.5.4 Excretion: Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine methods of study renal function-renal regulation of acid-base balance; physiological constituent’s urine-renal failure-passive venous congestion-Urinary recreation in chicken-Sweet glands and their function. Biochemical tests for urinary dysfunction.
1.5.5 Endocrine glands: Functional disorders, their symptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis hormones, mechanism and control of secretion-? Hormonal receptors-classifications and function
1.6 General knowledge of pharmacology and therapeutics of drugs: Cellular level pharmacodynamics ad pharmacokinetics-Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance drugs acting on Autonomic nervous system-Modern concepts of anaesthesia and dissociative anaesthetics-Autocoids-Antimicrobials and principles of chemotherapy in microbial injection –use of hormones in therapeutics-chemotherapy of parasitic infections-Drug and economic persons ion the Edible tissues of animals-Chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases.
1.7 Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water , air and habitation: Assessment of pollution water, air and soil-Importance of climate in animal health-effect of environment on animal function and performance-relationship between industrialization and animal housing requirements for specific categories of domestic animal viz. pregnant cows & sows, milking cows, broiler birds-stress, strain ,strain & productivity in relation to animal habitation
2. Animal Diseases
2.1 Pathogenesis, symptoms, postmortem lesions, diagnosis and control of infection diseases cattle, pigs and poultry , horses, sheep and goats.
2.2 Etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle, pig and poultry.
2.3 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds
2.4 Diagnosis and treatment of non-specific condition like impaction, Bloat, Diarrhoea, Indigestion, dehydration, stroke, poisoning
2.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders
2.6 Principle and methods of immunization of animals against specific diseases-hard immunity diseases, free zones-‘zero’ disease concept-chemoprophylaxis.
2.7 Anaesthesia-local, regional and general pre-anaesthetic medication, Symptoms and surgical interference in fractures and dislocation, Hernia, choking, abdominal displacement-Caesarian, operations, Rumennotomy Castrations.
2.8 Disease investigation techniques-Materials for laboratory investigation-Establishment Animal Health Centers-Disease free zone
3. Veterinary Public Health
3.1 Zoonoses:Classification,definition;role of animals and birds in prevalence and transmission of zoonotic diseases-occupational zoonotic diseases
3.2 Epidemiology: Principles, definition of epidemiological terms, application of epidemiological measures in the study of diseases and disease control, Epidemiological feature of air, water and food borne infections
3.3 Veterinary Jurisprudence: Rule and Regulations for improvement of animal quality and prevention of animal diseases-state and control Rules for prevention of animal and animal product borne diseases-S.P.C.A.-veterolegal cases-certificates-Materials and Methods of collection of samples for veterolegal investigation
4 Milk and Milk Products Technology
4.1 Milk Technology: Organization of rural milk procurement, collection and transport of raw milk
Quality, testing and grading raw milk, Quality storage grades of whole milk , Skimmed milk and cream.
Processing, packaging, storing, distributing, and marketing defects and their control and nutritive properties of the following milks: Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized, homogenized, and reconstitutes, recombined and flavoured milks. Preparation of cultures milks, cultures and their management, yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand. Preparation of flavoured and sterilized milks. Legal standards, Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant equipment.
4.2 Milk Products Technology: Selection of raw materials, assembling, production, Processing, storing, distributing and marketing milk products such as butter ,Ghee,Khoa,Channa,Cheese, Condensed, evaporated, dried milk and baby food,lce-cream and Kulfi; by products; whey products, buttermilk, lactose and casein.Testing,Grading ,judging milk products-BIS and Agmark specifications, legal standard, quality control nutritive properties, Packaging, processing and operational control Costs.
5 Meat Hygiene and Technology
5.1.1 Ante mortem-care and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and dressing operation; abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection procedures and judgment of carcass meat cuts-grading of carcass meat cuts-duties and functions of veterinarians in Wholesome meat production.
5.1.2. Hygienic methods of handling of meat spoilage of meat and control measures-Post slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors that influence them-Quality improvement methods-Adulteration of meat and defection-Regulatory provisions in Meat trade and Industry
5.2 Meat Technology
5.2.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of meat-meat emulsions-methods of preservation of meat-curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat and meat products meat products and formulations.
5.3 By-products: Slaughter house by products and their utilization-Edible and inedible by products-social and economic implications of proper utilization of slaughter house byproducts –Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.
5.4 Poultry Products Technology: Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat, pre slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection, preservation of poultry meat, and products. Legal and BIS standards.
Structure, composition and nutritive value of eggs. Microbial spoilage. Preservation and maintenance .Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products
5.5 Rabbit/Fur Animal farming: Care and management of rabbit meat production. Disposal and utilization of fur and wool and recycling of waste by products. Grading of wool
6 Extension: Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of extension. Different Methods adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions. Generation of technology; its transfer and feedback. Problems of constraints in transfer of technology. Animal husbandry programmes for rural development
1. HRALTH AD HYGIENE
1.1 Histology and Histological Techniques: Stains-Chemical classification of stains used in biological work-principle of staining tissues-mordants-progressive & regressive stains-differential staining of cytoplasm and connective tissue elements-Methods of preparation and processing of tissues-celloidin embedding-Freezing microtomy-Microscopy-Bright field microscope and electron microscope. Cytology-structure of cell, organelles & inclusions; cell division-cell types-Tisdsues and their classification-embryonic and adult tissues-Comparative histology of organs:-vascular, Nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculo-skeletal and urogenital systems Endocrine glands-Integuments-sense organs.
1.2 Embryology: Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic mammals –gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers membranes & placentation-types of placenta in domestic mammals-Teratology twins &twining organogenesis-germ layer derivatives endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives
1.3 Bovine Anatomy-Regional Anatomy:Paranasal sinuses of OX-surface anatomy of salivary glands. Regional anatomy of infra-orbital, maxillary, mandibuloalveolary, mental & coronal nerve block-Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves,pudental nerve, median, ulnar & radial nerves-tibial ,fibular and digital nerves-Cranial nerves- structures involved in epidural anesthesia-superficial lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities-comparative feature of locomotor apparatus & their application in the biomechanics of mammalian body.
1.4 Anatomy of Fowl: Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to respiration and flying, digestion and egg production.
1.5 Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion, Endocrine glands in health and disease
1.5.1 Blood constituents: Properties and functions-blood cell formation – Haemoglobin synthesis and chemistry-plasma proteins production, classification and properties; coagulation of blood; Haemorrhagic disorders-anticoagulants-blood groups-Blood volume-plasma expanders-Buffer systems in blood. Biochemical tests ad the significance in disease diagnosis
1.5.2 Circulation :Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle-heart sounds, heart beat electrocardiograms, Work and efficiency of heart-effect of ions on heart function metabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of heart, effect temperature and stress on heart, blood pressure and hypertension, Osmotic regulation arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation of circulation , shock coronary & pulmonary circulation-Blood –Brain barrier-Cerebrospinal fluid-circulation in brids.
1.5.3 Respiration: Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases-neural control of respiration-chemoreceptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.
1.5.4 Excretion: Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine methods of study renal function-renal regulation of acid-base balance; physiological constituent’s urine-renal failure-passive venous congestion-Urinary recreation in chicken-Sweet glands and their function. Biochemical tests for urinary dysfunction.
1.5.5 Endocrine glands: Functional disorders, their symptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis hormones, mechanism and control of secretion-? Hormonal receptors-classifications and function
1.6 General knowledge of pharmacology and therapeutics of drugs: Cellular level pharmacodynamics ad pharmacokinetics-Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance drugs acting on Autonomic nervous system-Modern concepts of anaesthesia and dissociative anaesthetics-Autocoids-Antimicrobials and principles of chemotherapy in microbial injection –use of hormones in therapeutics-chemotherapy of parasitic infections-Drug and economic persons ion the Edible tissues of animals-Chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases.
1.7 Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water , air and habitation: Assessment of pollution water, air and soil-Importance of climate in animal health-effect of environment on animal function and performance-relationship between industrialization and animal housing requirements for specific categories of domestic animal viz. pregnant cows & sows, milking cows, broiler birds-stress, strain ,strain & productivity in relation to animal habitation
2. Animal Diseases
2.1 Pathogenesis, symptoms, postmortem lesions, diagnosis and control of infection diseases cattle, pigs and poultry , horses, sheep and goats.
2.2 Etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle, pig and poultry.
2.3 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds
2.4 Diagnosis and treatment of non-specific condition like impaction, Bloat, Diarrhoea, Indigestion, dehydration, stroke, poisoning
2.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders
2.6 Principle and methods of immunization of animals against specific diseases-hard immunity diseases, free zones-‘zero’ disease concept-chemoprophylaxis.
2.7 Anaesthesia-local, regional and general pre-anaesthetic medication, Symptoms and surgical interference in fractures and dislocation, Hernia, choking, abdominal displacement-Caesarian, operations, Rumennotomy Castrations.
2.8 Disease investigation techniques-Materials for laboratory investigation-Establishment Animal Health Centers-Disease free zone
3. Veterinary Public Health
3.1 Zoonoses:Classification,definition;role of animals and birds in prevalence and transmission of zoonotic diseases-occupational zoonotic diseases
3.2 Epidemiology: Principles, definition of epidemiological terms, application of epidemiological measures in the study of diseases and disease control, Epidemiological feature of air, water and food borne infections
3.3 Veterinary Jurisprudence: Rule and Regulations for improvement of animal quality and prevention of animal diseases-state and control Rules for prevention of animal and animal product borne diseases-S.P.C.A.-veterolegal cases-certificates-Materials and Methods of collection of samples for veterolegal investigation
4 Milk and Milk Products Technology
4.1 Milk Technology: Organization of rural milk procurement, collection and transport of raw milk
Quality, testing and grading raw milk, Quality storage grades of whole milk , Skimmed milk and cream.
Processing, packaging, storing, distributing, and marketing defects and their control and nutritive properties of the following milks: Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized, homogenized, and reconstitutes, recombined and flavoured milks. Preparation of cultures milks, cultures and their management, yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand. Preparation of flavoured and sterilized milks. Legal standards, Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant equipment.
4.2 Milk Products Technology: Selection of raw materials, assembling, production, Processing, storing, distributing and marketing milk products such as butter ,Ghee,Khoa,Channa,Cheese, Condensed, evaporated, dried milk and baby food,lce-cream and Kulfi; by products; whey products, buttermilk, lactose and casein.Testing,Grading ,judging milk products-BIS and Agmark specifications, legal standard, quality control nutritive properties, Packaging, processing and operational control Costs.
5 Meat Hygiene and Technology
5.1.1 Ante mortem-care and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and dressing operation; abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection procedures and judgment of carcass meat cuts-grading of carcass meat cuts-duties and functions of veterinarians in Wholesome meat production.
5.1.2. Hygienic methods of handling of meat spoilage of meat and control measures-Post slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors that influence them-Quality improvement methods-Adulteration of meat and defection-Regulatory provisions in Meat trade and Industry
5.2 Meat Technology
5.2.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of meat-meat emulsions-methods of preservation of meat-curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat and meat products meat products and formulations.
5.3 By-products: Slaughter house by products and their utilization-Edible and inedible by products-social and economic implications of proper utilization of slaughter house byproducts –Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.
5.4 Poultry Products Technology: Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat, pre slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection, preservation of poultry meat, and products. Legal and BIS standards.
Structure, composition and nutritive value of eggs. Microbial spoilage. Preservation and maintenance .Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products
5.5 Rabbit/Fur Animal farming: Care and management of rabbit meat production. Disposal and utilization of fur and wool and recycling of waste by products. Grading of wool
6 Extension: Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of extension. Different Methods adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions. Generation of technology; its transfer and feedback. Problems of constraints in transfer of technology. Animal husbandry programmes for rural development
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