Civil Service Chemistry Main Exam Paper One Syllabus
Paper-I
Atomic structure:Quaantum theory. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Schrodinger wave equation (time independent). Interpretation of wave function, Particle in one-dimensional box, quantum numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions. Shapes of s, p and d orbitals
2. Chemical bonding:Lonic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds ,, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle covalent bond and its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole moments; Valence bond theory concept of resonance and resonance energy; Molecular orbital theory (LCAO method); bonding in H†₂,H₂,He₂† to Ne₂,,NO,CO,HF, and CN¯; Comparison of valence bond and molecular orbital theories ,bond order, bond strength and bond length
3. Solid State: Forms of solids, law of constancy of inters facial angels, crystal systems and crystal classes (crystallographic groups). Designation of crystal faces, lattice structures and unit cell. Laws of rational indices. Bragg’s law.X-ray diffraction by crystals. Close packing, radius ratio rules, calculation of same limiting radius ratio values. Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl, CaF₉, Cdl₉ and rutile, Imperfections in crystals, stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric defects, impurity defects, semiconductors. Elementary study of liquid crystals.
4. The Gaseous State and Transport Phenomenon: Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions and critical phenomena and liquefaction of gases, Maxwell’s distribution of speeds, intermolecular collisions, collisions on the wall and effusion; Thermal conductivity and viscosity of ideal gases.
5. Liquid State: Kelvin equation; Surface tension and surface energy, wetting and contact angle interfacial tension and capillary action
6. Thermodynamics: Work , heat and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in various processes entropy-reversibility and irreversibility , Free energy functions; Thermodynamic equation of state
Maxwell relations; Temperature ,colume and pressure dependence of U.H.A.G,C p and C v,a and a; J-T effect and inversion temperature; criteria for equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities; Nernst heat theorem, introductory idea of third law of thermodynamics.
7. Phase Equilibria and Solutions: Clausis-Clapeyron equation; Phase diagram for a pure substance; Phase equilibria in binary systems, partially miscible liquids-upper and lower critical solution temperatures; partial molar quantities, their significance and determination, excess thermodynamic functions and their determination
8. Electrochemistry:Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckel limiting Law for various equilibrium and transport properties
Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface; rate of charge transfer, current density overpotential;electro-analytical techniques;polarography, amperometry,ion selective electrodes and their uses
9 Chemical Kinetics: Differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first , second and fractional order reactions; Rate equations involving reverse , parallel, consecutive ad chain reactions; branching chain and explosions; effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant; Study of fast reactions by stop-flow and relaxation methods;Gollisions and transition state theories
10 Photochemistry: Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routs; photochemical reactions between hydrogen and halogens and their quantum yields
11. Surface Phenomena and catalysis: absorption from gases and solutions on solid adsorbents, Langmuir and B.E.T adsorption isotherms; determination of surface area, characteristics and mechanism of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts.
12. Bio-inorganic Chemistry: Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion transport across the membranes (molecular mechanism), oxygen-uptake proteins,cytochromes and ferredoxins
13 Coordination Compounds:
(a) Bonding theories of metal complexes; Valence bond theory, crystal field theory and its modifications; applications of theories in the explanation of magnetism and electronic spectra of metal complexes
(b) Isomerism in coordination compounds;IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers ; chelate effect and polynuclear complexed;trans effect and its theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in square-planer complexes, thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes.
(c) EAN rule, Synthesis structure and reactivity of metal carbonyls; carboxyl ate anions, carbony1 hydrides and metal nitrosy1 compounds
(d) Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure and bonding in metal olefin complexes alkyne complexes and cyslopentadieny1 complexes; coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions, insertion reactions,flulxional molecules and their characterization; Compounds with metal-metal bonds and metal atom clusters
14 Main Group Chemistry:Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes and cyclic phosphazene, silicates and silicates,Interhalogen compounds; Sulphur-nitrogen compounds, noble gas compounds
15 General Chemistry of ‘f’ Block Elements: Lanthanides ad actinides;separatin, oxidation states magnetic and spectral properties; lanthanide contraction
Paper-I
Atomic structure:Quaantum theory. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Schrodinger wave equation (time independent). Interpretation of wave function, Particle in one-dimensional box, quantum numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions. Shapes of s, p and d orbitals
2. Chemical bonding:Lonic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds ,, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle covalent bond and its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole moments; Valence bond theory concept of resonance and resonance energy; Molecular orbital theory (LCAO method); bonding in H†₂,H₂,He₂† to Ne₂,,NO,CO,HF, and CN¯; Comparison of valence bond and molecular orbital theories ,bond order, bond strength and bond length
3. Solid State: Forms of solids, law of constancy of inters facial angels, crystal systems and crystal classes (crystallographic groups). Designation of crystal faces, lattice structures and unit cell. Laws of rational indices. Bragg’s law.X-ray diffraction by crystals. Close packing, radius ratio rules, calculation of same limiting radius ratio values. Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl, CaF₉, Cdl₉ and rutile, Imperfections in crystals, stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric defects, impurity defects, semiconductors. Elementary study of liquid crystals.
4. The Gaseous State and Transport Phenomenon: Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions and critical phenomena and liquefaction of gases, Maxwell’s distribution of speeds, intermolecular collisions, collisions on the wall and effusion; Thermal conductivity and viscosity of ideal gases.
5. Liquid State: Kelvin equation; Surface tension and surface energy, wetting and contact angle interfacial tension and capillary action
6. Thermodynamics: Work , heat and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in various processes entropy-reversibility and irreversibility , Free energy functions; Thermodynamic equation of state
Maxwell relations; Temperature ,colume and pressure dependence of U.H.A.G,C p and C v,a and a; J-T effect and inversion temperature; criteria for equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities; Nernst heat theorem, introductory idea of third law of thermodynamics.
7. Phase Equilibria and Solutions: Clausis-Clapeyron equation; Phase diagram for a pure substance; Phase equilibria in binary systems, partially miscible liquids-upper and lower critical solution temperatures; partial molar quantities, their significance and determination, excess thermodynamic functions and their determination
8. Electrochemistry:Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckel limiting Law for various equilibrium and transport properties
Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface; rate of charge transfer, current density overpotential;electro-analytical techniques;polarography, amperometry,ion selective electrodes and their uses
9 Chemical Kinetics: Differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first , second and fractional order reactions; Rate equations involving reverse , parallel, consecutive ad chain reactions; branching chain and explosions; effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant; Study of fast reactions by stop-flow and relaxation methods;Gollisions and transition state theories
10 Photochemistry: Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routs; photochemical reactions between hydrogen and halogens and their quantum yields
11. Surface Phenomena and catalysis: absorption from gases and solutions on solid adsorbents, Langmuir and B.E.T adsorption isotherms; determination of surface area, characteristics and mechanism of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts.
12. Bio-inorganic Chemistry: Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion transport across the membranes (molecular mechanism), oxygen-uptake proteins,cytochromes and ferredoxins
13 Coordination Compounds:
(a) Bonding theories of metal complexes; Valence bond theory, crystal field theory and its modifications; applications of theories in the explanation of magnetism and electronic spectra of metal complexes
(b) Isomerism in coordination compounds;IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers ; chelate effect and polynuclear complexed;trans effect and its theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in square-planer complexes, thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes.
(c) EAN rule, Synthesis structure and reactivity of metal carbonyls; carboxyl ate anions, carbony1 hydrides and metal nitrosy1 compounds
(d) Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure and bonding in metal olefin complexes alkyne complexes and cyslopentadieny1 complexes; coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions, insertion reactions,flulxional molecules and their characterization; Compounds with metal-metal bonds and metal atom clusters
14 Main Group Chemistry:Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes and cyclic phosphazene, silicates and silicates,Interhalogen compounds; Sulphur-nitrogen compounds, noble gas compounds
15 General Chemistry of ‘f’ Block Elements: Lanthanides ad actinides;separatin, oxidation states magnetic and spectral properties; lanthanide contraction
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