Civil Service Physics Preliminary Examination Syllabus
1.Mechanics and Waves
Dimensional analysis. Newton’s laws of motion and applications, variable mass systems, projectiles .Rotational dynamics-kinetic energy, angular momentum, theorems of moment of inertia and calculations in simple cases. Conservative forces, frictional forces. Gravitational potential and intensity due to spherical objects. Ventral forces, Kepler’s problem, escape velocity and artificial satellites (including GPS). Streamline motion, viscosity, and Poiseuille’s equation. Applications of Bernoulli’s equation and Stokes’ law
Special relativity and Lorentz transformation-length contraction, time dilation, mass-energy relation
beats, Phase and group velocities. Stationary waves, vibration of strings and air Colums, longitudinal waves in solids. Doppler effect.Ultrasonics and applications
2. Geometrical and Physical Optics
Laws of reflection ad refraction from Fermat’s principle. Matrix method in paraxial optics-thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses. Chromatic and spherical aberrations. Simple optical instruments-magnifier, eyepieces, talescopes and microscopes
Huygens’ principle-reflection and refraction of waves. Interference of light-Young’s experiment , Newton’s rings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer.Fraunofer diffraction-single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power, Fresnel diffraction –half-period zones and zone plate. Production and detection of linearly. Circularly and elliptically polarized light. Double refraction, quarter waves plates and half-wave plates. Polarizing sheets.Optiical activity and applications. Raman & Rayleigh scattering and applications
Elements of fibre optics-attenuation; pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; material dispersion. Lasers, characteristics of laser light-spatial and temporal coherence. Focusing of laser beams and applications.
3. Heat and Thermodynamics
Thermal equilibrium and temperature. The zeroth law of thermodynamics. Heat and the first law of thermodynamics. Efficiency of Carnot engines. Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. Kinetic theory and the equation of state of an ideal gas. Mean free path, distribution of molecular speeds and energies. Transport phenomena. Andrew’s experiments-Van der Waals equation and applications. Joule Kelvin effect applications. Brownian motion. Thermodynamic potentials-Maxwell relations. Phase transitions. Kirchhoff’s laws. Black-body radiation –Stefan-Boltzmann law, spectral radiancy, Wien displacement law, application to the cosmic microwave background radiation, Planck radiation law.
4. Electricity and Magnetism
Electric charge, Coulomb’s law Electric potential, van de Graff accelerator. Capacitors, dielectrics and polarization. Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s first and second rules, resistors in series and parallel, applications tom two-loop circuits. Magnetic field-Gauss’ law for magnetism, atomic and nuclear magnetism, magnetic susceptibility, classification of magnetic materials. Circulating charges, cyclotron, and synchrotron. Hall effect.Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law of induction., Lenz’s law.inductance.Alternating current circuits-RC,LR,single-loop LRC circuits, impedance, resonance, power in AC circuits. Displacement current,maxwell’s equations (MKS units), electromagnetic waves, energy transport and pointing vectors
Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Photo electric ,Einstein’s photon theory.Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom.Stern-Gerlach experiment, quantization of angular momentum , electron spin. Pauli Exclusion Principle and applications. Zeeman effect. X-ray spectrum, Bragg’s law, Bohr’s theory of the Mosley plot. Compton effect, Compton wavelength. Wave nature of matter, de Broglie wavelength, wave-particle duality.Heisenberg’s uncertainty relationships.Schroedinger’s equation-eigenvalues and eigen functions of (i) particle in a box, (ii) simple harmonic oscillator and (iii) hydrogen atom. Potential step and barrier penetration. Natural and artificial radioactivity. Binding energy of nuclei, nuclear fission and fusion. Classification of elementary particles and their interactions.
6. Electronics
Diodes in half-waves and full-wave rectification, qualitative ideas of semiconductors type and n type semiconductors, junction diode,zener diode, transistors, binary numbers, Logic gates and truth tables, Elements of microprocessors and computers
1.Mechanics and Waves
Dimensional analysis. Newton’s laws of motion and applications, variable mass systems, projectiles .Rotational dynamics-kinetic energy, angular momentum, theorems of moment of inertia and calculations in simple cases. Conservative forces, frictional forces. Gravitational potential and intensity due to spherical objects. Ventral forces, Kepler’s problem, escape velocity and artificial satellites (including GPS). Streamline motion, viscosity, and Poiseuille’s equation. Applications of Bernoulli’s equation and Stokes’ law
Special relativity and Lorentz transformation-length contraction, time dilation, mass-energy relation
beats, Phase and group velocities. Stationary waves, vibration of strings and air Colums, longitudinal waves in solids. Doppler effect.Ultrasonics and applications
2. Geometrical and Physical Optics
Laws of reflection ad refraction from Fermat’s principle. Matrix method in paraxial optics-thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses. Chromatic and spherical aberrations. Simple optical instruments-magnifier, eyepieces, talescopes and microscopes
Huygens’ principle-reflection and refraction of waves. Interference of light-Young’s experiment , Newton’s rings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer.Fraunofer diffraction-single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power, Fresnel diffraction –half-period zones and zone plate. Production and detection of linearly. Circularly and elliptically polarized light. Double refraction, quarter waves plates and half-wave plates. Polarizing sheets.Optiical activity and applications. Raman & Rayleigh scattering and applications
Elements of fibre optics-attenuation; pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; material dispersion. Lasers, characteristics of laser light-spatial and temporal coherence. Focusing of laser beams and applications.
3. Heat and Thermodynamics
Thermal equilibrium and temperature. The zeroth law of thermodynamics. Heat and the first law of thermodynamics. Efficiency of Carnot engines. Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. Kinetic theory and the equation of state of an ideal gas. Mean free path, distribution of molecular speeds and energies. Transport phenomena. Andrew’s experiments-Van der Waals equation and applications. Joule Kelvin effect applications. Brownian motion. Thermodynamic potentials-Maxwell relations. Phase transitions. Kirchhoff’s laws. Black-body radiation –Stefan-Boltzmann law, spectral radiancy, Wien displacement law, application to the cosmic microwave background radiation, Planck radiation law.
4. Electricity and Magnetism
Electric charge, Coulomb’s law Electric potential, van de Graff accelerator. Capacitors, dielectrics and polarization. Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s first and second rules, resistors in series and parallel, applications tom two-loop circuits. Magnetic field-Gauss’ law for magnetism, atomic and nuclear magnetism, magnetic susceptibility, classification of magnetic materials. Circulating charges, cyclotron, and synchrotron. Hall effect.Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law of induction., Lenz’s law.inductance.Alternating current circuits-RC,LR,single-loop LRC circuits, impedance, resonance, power in AC circuits. Displacement current,maxwell’s equations (MKS units), electromagnetic waves, energy transport and pointing vectors
Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Photo electric ,Einstein’s photon theory.Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom.Stern-Gerlach experiment, quantization of angular momentum , electron spin. Pauli Exclusion Principle and applications. Zeeman effect. X-ray spectrum, Bragg’s law, Bohr’s theory of the Mosley plot. Compton effect, Compton wavelength. Wave nature of matter, de Broglie wavelength, wave-particle duality.Heisenberg’s uncertainty relationships.Schroedinger’s equation-eigenvalues and eigen functions of (i) particle in a box, (ii) simple harmonic oscillator and (iii) hydrogen atom. Potential step and barrier penetration. Natural and artificial radioactivity. Binding energy of nuclei, nuclear fission and fusion. Classification of elementary particles and their interactions.
6. Electronics
Diodes in half-waves and full-wave rectification, qualitative ideas of semiconductors type and n type semiconductors, junction diode,zener diode, transistors, binary numbers, Logic gates and truth tables, Elements of microprocessors and computers
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