Geography Main Exam Paper two
Geography of India
1. Physical Setting: Space relationship of India with neighboring countrieslStructure and relief Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic regions; Mechanism of India monsoons and rainfall patterns, Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Foods and droughts; Climatic regions; Natural vegetation; Soil types and their distributions.
2. Resources:Land,surface and ground water, energy , minerals biotic and marine resources; Forest and wild life resources and their conservation ;Energy crisis
3.Agriculture:Infrastructure:irrigation ,seeds, fertilizers, power; Institutional factors: land holdings land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern,agricultureal productivity, agricultural intensity crop combination , land capability; Agro and social-forestry; Green revolution and its socio-economic and ecological implications; Significance of dry farming; Livestock resources and white revolution aqua-culture; sericulture, apiculture and poultry; agricultural regionalization; agro-climatic zones; eco-tourism
5. Transport, Communication and Trade: Road, railway , waterway, airway and pipeline networks and their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade; Trade balance; Trade policy; Export processing zones; Developments in communication and information technology and their impacts on economy and society; Indian space programme
6. Cultural Setting: Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial ,linguistic and ethnic diversities religious minorities; major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; cultural regions; Growth distribution and density of population; Demographic attributes:sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio,longevity;migration (inter-regional,intra-regional and international ) and associated problems; Population problems and policies; Health indicators
Settlement: Types ,patterns and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments; Morphology of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian cities; Conurbations and metropolitan regions urban sprawl; Slums and associated problems; town planning; Problems of urbanization and remedies
8 Regional Development and Planning: Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans; Integrated rural development programmes;Panchayati Raj and decentralized planning; Command area development; Watershed management; Planning for backward area, desert, drought prone hill, tribal area development; multi-level planning’ Regional planning and development of island territories
9 Political Aspects: Geographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganization; Emergence of new states; Regional consciousness and inter state issues; international boundary of India and related issues; Cross border terrorism; India’s role in world affairs; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm.
Contemporary Issues: Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes, Tsunamis, floods and droughts ,epidemics; Issues relating to environmental pollution; Changes in patterns of land use; Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; Population explosion and food security; Environmental degradation;Deforestation,desertification and soil erosion; problems of agrarian and industrial unrest; Regional disparities in economic development; Concept of sustainable growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers; Globalization and Indian economy.
Note: Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinent to subject covered by this paper.
Geography of India
1. Physical Setting: Space relationship of India with neighboring countrieslStructure and relief Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic regions; Mechanism of India monsoons and rainfall patterns, Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Foods and droughts; Climatic regions; Natural vegetation; Soil types and their distributions.
2. Resources:Land,surface and ground water, energy , minerals biotic and marine resources; Forest and wild life resources and their conservation ;Energy crisis
3.Agriculture:Infrastructure:irrigation ,seeds, fertilizers, power; Institutional factors: land holdings land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern,agricultureal productivity, agricultural intensity crop combination , land capability; Agro and social-forestry; Green revolution and its socio-economic and ecological implications; Significance of dry farming; Livestock resources and white revolution aqua-culture; sericulture, apiculture and poultry; agricultural regionalization; agro-climatic zones; eco-tourism
5. Transport, Communication and Trade: Road, railway , waterway, airway and pipeline networks and their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade; Trade balance; Trade policy; Export processing zones; Developments in communication and information technology and their impacts on economy and society; Indian space programme
6. Cultural Setting: Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial ,linguistic and ethnic diversities religious minorities; major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; cultural regions; Growth distribution and density of population; Demographic attributes:sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio,longevity;migration (inter-regional,intra-regional and international ) and associated problems; Population problems and policies; Health indicators
Settlement: Types ,patterns and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments; Morphology of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian cities; Conurbations and metropolitan regions urban sprawl; Slums and associated problems; town planning; Problems of urbanization and remedies
8 Regional Development and Planning: Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans; Integrated rural development programmes;Panchayati Raj and decentralized planning; Command area development; Watershed management; Planning for backward area, desert, drought prone hill, tribal area development; multi-level planning’ Regional planning and development of island territories
9 Political Aspects: Geographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganization; Emergence of new states; Regional consciousness and inter state issues; international boundary of India and related issues; Cross border terrorism; India’s role in world affairs; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm.
Contemporary Issues: Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes, Tsunamis, floods and droughts ,epidemics; Issues relating to environmental pollution; Changes in patterns of land use; Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; Population explosion and food security; Environmental degradation;Deforestation,desertification and soil erosion; problems of agrarian and industrial unrest; Regional disparities in economic development; Concept of sustainable growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers; Globalization and Indian economy.
Note: Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinent to subject covered by this paper.
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